Fat! Ugly! Loser! Nerd! Stupid!

Dion, K., Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. (1972). What is beautiful is good. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24(3), 285-290. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/h0033731.

Fredrickson, B. L., Roberts, T. A. (1997). Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(2), 173-206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x.

Rumsey, N. & D. Harcourt (Eds.)(2012). The Oxford handbook of the psychology of appearance. Oxford University Press.

Being laughed at = painful emotional experience

Grogan, S. (2017). Body Image: Understanding body dissatisfaction in men, women and children. Routledge.

Magin, P., Adams, J., Heading, G., Pond, D., & Smith, W. (2008). Experiences of appearance-related teasing and bullying in skin diseases and their psychological sequelae: Results of a qualitative study. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 22(3), 430-36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2007.00547.x.

Rumsey, N., & Harcourt, D. (2012). The Oxford handbook of the psychology of appearance. Oxford University Press.

You’re perfectly fit & healthy…

Janes, L. M., & Olson, J. M. (2000). Jeer pressures: The behavioral effects of observing ridicule in others. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(4), 474-485. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0146167200266006.

Janes, L. M., & Olson, J. M. (2015). Humor as an abrasive or a lubricant in social situation: Martineau revisited. Humor, 28(2), 271-288. https://DOI 10.1515/humor-2015-0021

Negative humour = coping mechanism

Ford, T. E., & Ferguson, M. A. (2004). Social consequences of disparagement humor: A prejudiced norm theory. Personality and Social Psychology Review, (8)1, 79-94. https://doi.org/10.1207%2FS15327957PSPR0801_4

Hodson, G., & MacInnis, C. C. (2016). Derogating Humor as a delegitimization strategy in intergroup contexts. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 2(1), pp. 63-74. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/tps0000052

Meyer, J. C. (2000). Humor as a double-edged sword: four functions of humor in communication, Communication Theory, 10(3), 310–331, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2000.tb00194.x

Humour can be either positive or negative

Kuipers, G. (2009). Humor styles and symbolic boundaries

Martin, R. A., Kuiper, N. A., Olinger, J. L., & Dance, K. A. (1993). Humor, coping with stress, self-concept, and psychological well-being. Humor: The International Journal of Humor Research, 6(1), 89-104. https://e-lub.net/media/hresearch.pdf

Martin, R. A., Puhlik-Doris, P., Larsen, G., Gray, J., & Weir, K. (2003). Individual differences in uses of humor and their relation to psychological wellbeing: Development of the humor styles questionnaire. Journal of Research in Personality, 37(1), 48-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00534-2.

These are not the HAAMs…

Carrel A. (2008). Historical views of humor. In V. Raskin (Ed.), The Primer of Humour (pp. 303-332). Mouton de Gruyter.

Cundall Jr., M. K. Jr. (2007). Humor and the Limits of Incongruity, Creativity Research Journal, 19(2-3), 203-211, DOI: 10.1080/10400410701397263.

Warren, C. & McGraw, P.A. (2016). Differentiating what is humorous from what is not. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 110(3), 407-430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000041.