Category: Social Comparison Theory

Socialisation + social expectancy

Cash, T. F. (1990). Losing hair, losing points?: The effects of male pattern baldness on social impression formation.

Herman, C. P., Zanna, M. P. & Higgins, E. T. (Eds.) (2022). Physical appearance, stigma, and social behavior. Psychology Press.

St. Bernard, J. and Gallagher, S. (2023). Race and the implicit aspects of embodied social interaction. In J. R. Thompson, The Routledge handbook of philosophy and implicit cognition (pp. 313-323). Routledge.

Synder, M. (2015). On the perpetuating nature of social stereotypes. In D. L. Hamilton (Ed.) Cognitive processes in stereotyping and intergroup behavior (pp. 183-212). Psychology Press.

Snyder, M., Tanke, E. D., & Berscheid, E. (1977). Social perception and interpersonal behavior: On the self-fulfilling nature of social stereotypes.

Beauty as embodied experience

Blair, I. V., Judd, C. M., Sadler, M. S., & Jenkins, C. (2002). The role of Afrocentric features in person perception: judging by features and categories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

Cash, T. F. (1990). Losing hair, losing points? The effects of male pattern baldness on social impression formation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology.

St. Bernard, J. S., & Gallagher, S. (2022). Race and the implicit aspects of embodied social interaction. In R. J. Thompson (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of philosophy and implicit cognition (pp. 313-323). Routledge.

Soliman, T., & Glenberg, A. M. (2014). The embodiment of culture. In L. Shapiro (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Embodied Cognition (pp. 207-219). Routledge.

Willis, J., & Todorov, A. (2006). First impressions: Making up your mind after a 100-ms exposure to a face. Psychological Science.

Cacophobia: the fear of ugliness

Cavico, F. J., Muffler, S. C., & Mujtaba, B. G. (2012). Appearance Discrimination, Lookism And Lookphobia In The Workplace. Journal of Applied Business Research.

Martin‐Seaver, M. (2023). Personal beauty and personal agency. Philosophy Compass.

Mason, A. (2021). What’s wrong with everyday lookism? Politics, Philosophy & Economics.

Mason, A. (2023). What’s wrong with lookism? Personal appearance, discrimination, and disadvantage. Oxford University Press.

Minerva, F. (2017). The invisible discrimination before our eyes: A bioethical analysis. Bioethics.

Spiegel, T. J. (2023). Lookism as epistemic injustice. Social Epistemology.

Takáč, P. (2020). Current issues in aesthetics and beyond: revisiting lookism. Ethics & Bioethics.

Zylbersztejn, A., Babutsidze, Z., Hanaki, N., & Hopfensitz, A. (2024). How beautiful people see the world: Cooperativeness judgments of and by beautiful people. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization.

Ways of seeing

Arfini, S. & Magnani, L. (2022). Embodied, extended, ignorant minds: New studies on the nature of not-knowing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01922-7. Springer.

Hardy, K. V. (2022). The enduring, invisible, and ubiquitous centrality of whiteness. W. W. Norton & Company.

Maise, M. (2022). Mindshaping, racist habits, and white ignorance. In S. Arfini and L. Magnani (Eds.), Embodied, extended, ignorant minds: New studies on the nature of not-knowing (pp. 77-98). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01922-7_5. Springer.

Mills, C. (1997). The racial contract. Cornell University Press.

Mills, C. W. (2017). Philosophy and the Racial Contract. In N. Zack (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Race (pp. 65-76). Oxford University Press.

Roberts, S. O., & Mortenson, E. (2023). Challenging the White= neutral framework in psychology. Perspectives on Psychological Science.

Whitt, M. S. (2016). Other people’s problems: Student distancing, epistemic responsibility, and injustice. Studies in Philosophy and Education.

Our body is aesthetic & functional…

Don’t Shock Me: Madalyn’s law USA/NJ petition.

Lauren Wasser – Shocking TRUE Story: “I Lost Both Of My Legs Because Of A Tampon” (Health Warning). Diary of a CEO: Steven Bartlett (youtube).

Toxic shock syndrome – National Health Service (NHS).

Probiotic combo stops bacteria that cause toxic shock syndrome. Science Daily.

Schlievert, P. M., Gaitán, A. V., Kilgore, S. H., Roe, A. L., Maukonen, J., Lehtoranta, L., … & Marsman, D. S. (2023). Inhibition of Toxic Shock Syndrome-Associated Staphylococcus aureus by Probiotic Lactobacilli. Microbiology Spectrum, e01735-23.

Sexuality + physical attractiveness…

Avalos, L., Tylka, T. L., & Wood-Barcalow, N. (2005). The body appreciation scale: Development and psychometric evaluation. Body image, 2(3), 285-297.

Cash, T. F. (2012). Encyclopedia of body image and human appearance. Academic Press..

Grogan, S. (2021). Body image: Understanding body dissatisfaction in men, women and children. Routledge.

Quittkat, H. L., Hartmann, A. S., Düsing, R., Buhlmann, U., & Vocks, S. (2019). Body dissatisfaction, importance of appearance, and body appreciation in men and women over the lifespan. Frontiers in psychiatry, 10, 864.

Vossbeck-Elsebusch, A. N., Waldorf, M., Legenbauer, T., Bauer, A., Cordes, M., & Vocks, S. (2014). German version of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire–Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS): confirmatory factor analysis and validation. Body image, 11(3), 191-200.

Psychological expectations +…

Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Perseus Publishing.

Levy, B. (2009). Stereotype embodiment: A psychosocial approach to aging. Current directions in psychological science, 18(6), 332-336.

Levy, B. R., Slade, M. D., & Kasl, S. V. (2002). Longitudinal benefit of positive self-perceptions of aging on functional health. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57(5), P409-P417.

Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self, and society. Chicago: University of Chicago press.

Merton, R. K. (1968). Social theory and social structure. Simon and Schuster.

Subjective ageing: conglomerate…

Carr, D., Freedman, V. A., Cornman, J. C., & Schwarz, N. (2014). Happy marriage, happy life? Marital quality and subjective well‐being in later life. Journal of Marriage and Family, 76(5), 930-948. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12133

Cohn-Schwartz, E., Segel-Karpas, D., & Ayalon, L. (2021). Longitudinal dyadic effects of aging self-perceptions on health. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 76(5), 900-909. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa082

Kim, Y. K., Kim, K., Neupert, S. D., & Boerner, K. (2021). Changes in married older adults’ self-perceptions of aging: The role of gender. Psychology and Aging, 36(3), 383. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000507

Schafer, M. H., & Shippee, T. P. (2010). Age identity in context: Stress and the subjective side of aging. Social Psychology Quarterly, 73(3), 245-264. https://doi.org/10.1177/0190272510379751