Category: Intersectionality

Racialised aesthetic inequality

Feliciano, C. (2016). Shades of race: How phenotype and observer characteristics shape racial classification.

Lamont, M., Beljean, S., & Clair, M. (2014). What is missing? Cultural processes and causal pathways to inequality.

Maddox, K. B. (2004). Perspectives on racial phenotypicality bias.

Monk Jr, E. P., Esposito, M. H., & Lee, H. (2021). Beholding inequality: Race, gender, and returns to physical attractiveness in the United States.

Petersen, A. M. (2017). Complicating race: Afrocentric facial feature bias and prison sentencing in Oregon.

Taboo of racialised aesthetic discrimination

Kang, J. M. (1997). Deconstructing the ideology of White aesthetics.

Kaplinsky, C. (2008). Shifting shadows: shaping dynamics in the cultural unconscious.

LLoyd, D. (2019). Under representation: The racial regime of aesthetics.

Singer, T., & Kaplinsky C. (2010). Cultural Complexes in Analysis. In M. Stein (ed.), In Jungian psychoanalysis: Working in the spirit of C.G. Jung.

Singer, T., & Kimbles, S. L. (2004). The cultural complex: Contemporary Jungian perspectives on the psyche and society.

Socialisation + social expectancy

Cash, T. F. (1990). Losing hair, losing points?: The effects of male pattern baldness on social impression formation.

Herman, C. P., Zanna, M. P. & Higgins, E. T. (Eds.) (2022). Physical appearance, stigma, and social behavior. Psychology Press.

St. Bernard, J. and Gallagher, S. (2023). Race and the implicit aspects of embodied social interaction. In J. R. Thompson, The Routledge handbook of philosophy and implicit cognition (pp. 313-323). Routledge.

Synder, M. (2015). On the perpetuating nature of social stereotypes. In D. L. Hamilton (Ed.) Cognitive processes in stereotyping and intergroup behavior (pp. 183-212). Psychology Press.

Snyder, M., Tanke, E. D., & Berscheid, E. (1977). Social perception and interpersonal behavior: On the self-fulfilling nature of social stereotypes.

Ideal White aesthetic as…

Bowen, T. M. (2021). Toward a new classics: A de-and reconstruction of the Classics in the classroom and beyond.

Guédron, M. (2009). Nature, ideal and caricature. The perception of physical types among the first anthropologists. 

Hodne, L. (2020). Winckelmann’s Apollo and the physionomy of race.

Jones, J. (2019). Roman Statues Weren’t White; They Were Once Painted in Vivid, Bright Colors. Open Culture.

Painter, N. I. (2010). The history of White people. WW Norton & Company.

Pharos: Doing justice to the Classics.

Potts, A. (1994). Flesh and the ideal: Winckelmann and the origins of art history. Yale University Press.

Beauty as embodied experience

Blair, I. V., Judd, C. M., Sadler, M. S., & Jenkins, C. (2002). The role of Afrocentric features in person perception: judging by features and categories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

Cash, T. F. (1990). Losing hair, losing points? The effects of male pattern baldness on social impression formation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology.

St. Bernard, J. S., & Gallagher, S. (2022). Race and the implicit aspects of embodied social interaction. In R. J. Thompson (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of philosophy and implicit cognition (pp. 313-323). Routledge.

Soliman, T., & Glenberg, A. M. (2014). The embodiment of culture. In L. Shapiro (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Embodied Cognition (pp. 207-219). Routledge.

Willis, J., & Todorov, A. (2006). First impressions: Making up your mind after a 100-ms exposure to a face. Psychological Science.

White beauty as science

Bhopal, R. (2007). The beautiful skull and Blumenbach’s errors: the birth of the scientific concept of race. bmj.

Junker, T. (2018). Blumenbach’s theory of human races and the natural unity of humankind. In N. Rupke & G. Lauer (Eds.), Johann Friedrich Blumenbach. Routledge.

Painter, N. I. (2010). The history of White people. WW Norton & Company.

Richards, R. J. (2018). The beautiful skulls of Schiller and the Georgian girl: quantitative and aesthetic scaling of the races 1770-1850. In N. Rupke & G. Lauer (Eds.), Johann Friedrich Blumenbach. Routledge.

Teo, T. (2009). Psychology without Caucasians. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne.

Cacophobia: the fear of ugliness

Cavico, F. J., Muffler, S. C., & Mujtaba, B. G. (2012). Appearance Discrimination, Lookism And Lookphobia In The Workplace. Journal of Applied Business Research.

Martin‐Seaver, M. (2023). Personal beauty and personal agency. Philosophy Compass.

Mason, A. (2021). What’s wrong with everyday lookism? Politics, Philosophy & Economics.

Mason, A. (2023). What’s wrong with lookism? Personal appearance, discrimination, and disadvantage. Oxford University Press.

Minerva, F. (2017). The invisible discrimination before our eyes: A bioethical analysis. Bioethics.

Spiegel, T. J. (2023). Lookism as epistemic injustice. Social Epistemology.

Takáč, P. (2020). Current issues in aesthetics and beyond: revisiting lookism. Ethics & Bioethics.

Zylbersztejn, A., Babutsidze, Z., Hanaki, N., & Hopfensitz, A. (2024). How beautiful people see the world: Cooperativeness judgments of and by beautiful people. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization.

White slavery + beauty prestige

Barker, H. (2023). Slavery in the Black Sea region. In D.A. Pargas, and J. Schiel (eds.), The Palgrave handbook of global slavery throughout history. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. Open Access.

Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T. A. (1997). Objectification theory: Toward understanding women’s lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of women quarterly.

Moxey, K. P. (1991). Semiotics and the social history of art. New Literary History, 985-999.

Painter, N. I. (2010). The history of White people. WW Norton & Company.

Birth of universal rationalism

Blaut, J. M. (2000). Eight Eurocentric historians. The Guilford Press.

Copeland, S. (2022). Relational ignorance. In  S. Arfini and L. Magnani, Embodied, Extended, ignorant minds: New studies on the nature of not-knowing (pp. 15-35). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Heit, H. (2005). Western identity, barbarians and the inheritance of Greek universalism. The European Legacy.

Maiese, M. (2022). Mindshaping, racist habits, and white ignorance. In  S. Arfini and L. Magnani, Embodied, Extended, ignorant minds: New studies on the nature of not-knowing (pp. 77-98). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Wintle, M. (2020). Eurocentrism: History, identity, white man’s burden. Routledge.