Category: Biocultures

Beauty + Ethnocentrism

Etcoff, N. (1999). Survival of the prettiest: The science of beauty. Little, Brown and Company.

Herskovits, M. J. (1937). The significance of the study of acculturation for anthropology. American Anthropologist.

Kang, J. M. (1997). Deconstructing the ideology of white aesthetics. Michigan journal of race & law.

Keesing, R. M. (1965). Cultural Anthropology: A contemporary perspective. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Sumner, W. G. (1906). Folkways: A study of mores, manners, customs and morals. New York: Ginn and Company.

Van der Geest, S. (1995). Overcoming ethnocentrism: how social science and medicine relate and should relate to one another. Social Science & Medicine.

Westermarck, E. (1921). The history of human marriage. Macmillan.

Modern day phrenology

Berry, B. (2007). Beauty bias: Discrimination and social power.

De La Garza, H., & Vashi, N. A. (2024). The Concept of Beauty and Its Evolutionary Basis.

Lindsay, K. B., Smith, B. O., & White, D. R. (2024). Beauty in the eyes of the beholder.

Maddox, K. B. (2004). Perspectives on racial phenotypicality bias.

Maddox, K. B., Perry, J. M., & Pagan, J. (2022). Cues and categories: Revisiting paths to racial phenotypicality bias.

Rhode, D. L. (2010). The beauty bias: The injustice of appearance in life and law.

Taboo of racialised aesthetic discrimination

Kang, J. M. (1997). Deconstructing the ideology of White aesthetics.

Kaplinsky, C. (2008). Shifting shadows: shaping dynamics in the cultural unconscious.

LLoyd, D. (2019). Under representation: The racial regime of aesthetics.

Singer, T., & Kaplinsky C. (2010). Cultural Complexes in Analysis. In M. Stein (ed.), In Jungian psychoanalysis: Working in the spirit of C.G. Jung.

Singer, T., & Kimbles, S. L. (2004). The cultural complex: Contemporary Jungian perspectives on the psyche and society.

White male beauty…

Barrow, R. J. (2018). Gender, identity and the body in Greek and Roman sculpture. Cambridge University Press.

Painter, N. I. (2010). The history of White people. WW Norton & Company.

Potts, A. (1994). Flesh and the ideal: Winckelmann and the origins of art history. Yale University Press.

Squire, M. (2011). The art of the body: Antiquity & its legacy. I. B. Tauris & Co Ltd.

White beauty as science

Bhopal, R. (2007). The beautiful skull and Blumenbach’s errors: the birth of the scientific concept of race. bmj.

Junker, T. (2018). Blumenbach’s theory of human races and the natural unity of humankind. In N. Rupke & G. Lauer (Eds.), Johann Friedrich Blumenbach. Routledge.

Painter, N. I. (2010). The history of White people. WW Norton & Company.

Richards, R. J. (2018). The beautiful skulls of Schiller and the Georgian girl: quantitative and aesthetic scaling of the races 1770-1850. In N. Rupke & G. Lauer (Eds.), Johann Friedrich Blumenbach. Routledge.

Teo, T. (2009). Psychology without Caucasians. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne.

Cacophobia: the fear of ugliness

Cavico, F. J., Muffler, S. C., & Mujtaba, B. G. (2012). Appearance Discrimination, Lookism And Lookphobia In The Workplace. Journal of Applied Business Research.

Martin‐Seaver, M. (2023). Personal beauty and personal agency. Philosophy Compass.

Mason, A. (2021). What’s wrong with everyday lookism? Politics, Philosophy & Economics.

Mason, A. (2023). What’s wrong with lookism? Personal appearance, discrimination, and disadvantage. Oxford University Press.

Minerva, F. (2017). The invisible discrimination before our eyes: A bioethical analysis. Bioethics.

Spiegel, T. J. (2023). Lookism as epistemic injustice. Social Epistemology.

Takáč, P. (2020). Current issues in aesthetics and beyond: revisiting lookism. Ethics & Bioethics.

Zylbersztejn, A., Babutsidze, Z., Hanaki, N., & Hopfensitz, A. (2024). How beautiful people see the world: Cooperativeness judgments of and by beautiful people. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization.

Birth of universal rationalism

Blaut, J. M. (2000). Eight Eurocentric historians. The Guilford Press.

Copeland, S. (2022). Relational ignorance. In  S. Arfini and L. Magnani, Embodied, Extended, ignorant minds: New studies on the nature of not-knowing (pp. 15-35). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Heit, H. (2005). Western identity, barbarians and the inheritance of Greek universalism. The European Legacy.

Maiese, M. (2022). Mindshaping, racist habits, and white ignorance. In  S. Arfini and L. Magnani, Embodied, Extended, ignorant minds: New studies on the nature of not-knowing (pp. 77-98). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Wintle, M. (2020). Eurocentrism: History, identity, white man’s burden. Routledge.

Ways of seeing

Arfini, S. & Magnani, L. (2022). Embodied, extended, ignorant minds: New studies on the nature of not-knowing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01922-7. Springer.

Hardy, K. V. (2022). The enduring, invisible, and ubiquitous centrality of whiteness. W. W. Norton & Company.

Maise, M. (2022). Mindshaping, racist habits, and white ignorance. In S. Arfini and L. Magnani (Eds.), Embodied, extended, ignorant minds: New studies on the nature of not-knowing (pp. 77-98). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01922-7_5. Springer.

Mills, C. (1997). The racial contract. Cornell University Press.

Mills, C. W. (2017). Philosophy and the Racial Contract. In N. Zack (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Race (pp. 65-76). Oxford University Press.

Roberts, S. O., & Mortenson, E. (2023). Challenging the White= neutral framework in psychology. Perspectives on Psychological Science.

Whitt, M. S. (2016). Other people’s problems: Student distancing, epistemic responsibility, and injustice. Studies in Philosophy and Education.