To attain symbolic or literal immortality…

Chonody, J. M., & Teater, B. (2016). Why do I dread looking old?: A test of social identity theory, terror management theory, and the double standard of ageing. Journal of Women & Aging, 28(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/08952841.2014.950533

Goldenberg, J. L., Pyszcynski, T., Greenberg, J., & Sheldon, S. (2004). Fleeing the body: A terror management perspective on the problem of human corporeality. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4(3), 200-218. https://doi.org/10.1207%2FS15327957PSPR0403_1

Muise, A., & Desmarais, S. (2010). Women’s Perceptions and Use of “Anti-Aging” Products. Sex Roles, 63, 126-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-010-9791-5

Pyszcynski, T., Solomon, S., & Greenberg, J. (2015). Chapter one – Thirty years of terror management theory: From genesis to revelation. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 52,1-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aesp.2015.03.001

Two types of prejudice…

Levy, B. R. (2003). Mind matters: Cognitive and physical effects of aging self-stereotypes, Journal of Gerontology, 58B(4). https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/58.4.P203.

Mroczek, D. K. (2004). Positive and negative affect at midlife (chapter 7). In O. G. Brim, C. D. Ryff, & R. C. Kessler (Eds.), How healthy are we: A national study of well-being at mid-life (pp. 205-226). The University of Chicago Press.

Sherif, M (1953). The concept of reference groups in human relations. In M. Sherif & M. O. Wilson (Eds.), The University of Oklahoma lectures in social psychology: Group relations at the crossroads (pp. 203-231). Harper & Brothers. 

Treneman-Evans, S., & Halliwell, E. (2021, July 13-16). The effects of yoga and pilates on body image, mood, distress and appearance changes among women in mid-life [Online paper presentation]. Appearance Matters 9, Centre for Appearance Research (CAR), University of the West of England (UWE), Wales, United Kingdom.

Whitbourne, S., & Sneed, J. R. (2002). The paradox of well-being, identity processes, and stereotype threat: Ageism and its potential relationships to the self later in life (chapter 8). In T. D. Nelson (Ed.), Ageism: Stereotyping and prejudice against older persons (pp. 247-273). MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10679.001.0001

Old talk = communicates…

Becker, C. B., Diedrichs, P. C., Jankowski, G., and Werchan (2013). I’m not just fat, I’m old: has the study of body image overlooked “old talk”? Journal of Eating Disorders, 1(6). https://doi.org/10.1186/2050-2974-1-6.

Cash, T. F. (Ed.). (2012). Encyclopedia of body image and human appearance (Vol. 1, A-F). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2010-1-66177-9.

Donizzetti, A., R. (2019). Ageism in an ageing society: The role of knowledge, anxiety about aging, and stereotypes in young people and adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(8), 1329. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081329.

Grendon. T. L., & Lydecker, J. (2016). The thin-youth ideal: Should we talk about aging anxiety in relation to body image? The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 82(4). https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0091415016641693.

Levy, B. R. (2003). Mind matters: Cognitive and physical effects of aging self-stereotypes, Journal of Gerontology, 58B(4). https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/58.4.P203.

Sampson, T. D. (2012). Virality: Contagion theory in the age of networks. University of Minnesota Press.

As individuals grow up…

Donizzetti, A., R. (2019). Ageism in an ageing society: The role of knowledge, anxiety about aging, and stereotypes in young people and adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(8), 1329. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081329.

Levy, B. R. (2003). Mind matters: Cognitive and physical effects of aging self-stereotypes, Journal of Gerontology, 58B(4). https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/58.4.P203.

Levy, B. R. (2009). Stereotype embodiment: A psychosocial approach to aging, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 332-336. https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-8721.2009.01662.x.

Stereotype embodiment theory…

Donizzetti, A., R. (2019). Ageism in an ageing society: The role of knowledge, anxiety about aging, and stereotypes in young people and adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(8), 1329. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph1608132.

Krauss Whitborne, S., & Sneed, J. R. (2004). The paradox of well-being, identity processes, and stereotype threat: Ageism and its potential relationship to the self in later life (chapter 8). In T. D. Nelson (Ed), Ageism: Stereotyping and prejudice against older persons (pp. 247-273). MIT Press.

Levy, B. (2009). Stereotype Embodiment: A psychosocial approach to aging. Current Directions in Psychological Science., 18(6), 322-36. https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-8721.2009.01662.x

The normalised gaze…

Gendron, T. L., & Lydecker, J. (2016). The thin-youth ideal: Should we talk about aging anxiety in relation to body image? The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 82(4), 255-270. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0091415016641693.

MacLachlan, M., Mháille, G.N., Gallagher, P., Desmond, D. (2012). Embodiment and appearance (chapter 3). In N. Rumsey, & D. Harcourt (Eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Psychology of Appearance (pp. 23-35). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Schaefer, L.M, Burke, N.L., Thompson, J.K., Dedrick, R.F., Heinberg, L.J., Calogero, R.M., Bardone-Cone, A.M., Higgins, M.K., Fredrick, D.A., Kelly, M., Anderson, D.A., Schaumberg, K., Nerini, A., Stefanile, C., Dittmar, H., Clark, E., Adams, Z., Macwana, S., Klump, K.L., Vercellone, C., Paxton, S.J., Swami, V. (2015). Development and validation of the sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4). American Psychological Association, 27(1), 54-67. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0037917.

Negative humour = coping mechanism

Ford, T. E., & Ferguson, M. A. (2004). Social consequences of disparagement humor: A prejudiced norm theory. Personality and Social Psychology Review, (8)1, 79-94. https://doi.org/10.1207%2FS15327957PSPR0801_4

Hodson, G., & MacInnis, C. C. (2016). Derogating Humor as a delegitimization strategy in intergroup contexts. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 2(1), pp. 63-74. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/tps0000052

Meyer, J. C. (2000). Humor as a double-edged sword: four functions of humor in communication, Communication Theory, 10(3), 310–331, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2000.tb00194.x